Internet Basics

Understanding the Basics

  • Network of interconnected devices
  • Developed in the 1960s by US Department of Defense
  • Decentralized communication network
  • Connects computers and devices worldwide

Components of the Internet

  • Clients: PCs, smartphones, tablets
  • Servers: Host websites, store data, run applications
  • Routers: Direct data packets
  • IP Addresses: Unique identifiers for devices
  • DNS: Translates domain names to IP addresses
  • Data centers: Physical infrastructure
  • ISPs: Provide internet access to users

How Data Travels

  1. Data is broken into packets
  2. Packets are sent from your device to your ISP
  3. ISP forwards packets to the destination server
  4. Server processes the request and sends response
  5. Response travels back through the network
  6. Your device reassembles the packets

Websites vs Web Apps

Website vs Web App

Website

A website is a collection of web pages typically designed to provide static content to users. These pages are interconnected and are generally meant to inform, entertain, or serve as a business card for a company or individual.

Attributes of a website

  • Static content
  • Informational
  • Limited user interaction

Web applications

A web application is a dynamic, interactive software program built to perform specific tasks and is accessed through a web browser. Web applications often involve user input and interaction, manipulating data, and responding to user requests in real-time

Web App

  • Dynamic content
  • Interactive functionality
  • User-specific responses

Terminal and Command Line

Essential tools for developers

What is a Terminal?

  • Text-based interface to interact with your computer
  • Allows direct communication with the operating system
  • Powerful tool for file management, system configuration, and development tasks

Command Line Basics

  • Commands are typed and executed in the terminal
  • Each command performs a specific action
  • Options and arguments can modify command behavior

Common Commands


ls    # List directory contents
cd    # Change directory
mkdir # Create a new directory
touch # Create a new file
echo # Write to a file
rm    # Remove files or directories
cp    # Copy files or directories
mv    # Move or rename files or directories

Exercise

  1. Create a new directory called excercise
  2. Move into the new directory
  3. Create a file called mySelf.txt
  4. Write a short Description about yourself in that file
  5. Display the contents in that file
  6. Move back to the parent directory
  7. Remove the excercise directory

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